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Chapter 3 Summary
New York City: The Big League (1964–1965)
Upon moving to New York, the author’s political commitment escalates. Living in a commune that also becomes the Uptown YSA office and meeting hall, the author enrolls at Columbia University, which has no active political groups. He founds a campus YSA chapter that a year later leads mass student opposition to the Vietnam War. New recruits to the Columbia University and Uptown YSA chapters are groomed for leadership and become influential within the burgeoning nationwide student movement. Sodja works alongside Malcolm X’s new political group, the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). Besides distributing supportive literature, the author helps organize speaking engagements for Malcolm X and other OAAU leaders.
The assassination of Malcolm X is witnessed by Sodja’s roommate, whose detailed account differs sharply from police testimony later used to convict the alleged murderers. The first editions of the local press present eyewitness interviews that concur with his roommate’s report, but the second editions (later that day) are inexplicably changed to agree with the official police version. The author’s compelling evidence implicates the involvement of one or more government agencies in the assassination. Particularly noteworthy is the author’s inclusion of two "activists" who, on several occasions, attempt to goad him and other YSA members into committing violent and criminal actions. Later, it is learned that both so-called activists were undercover government agents. By using FBI files that would later be made public in court cases, Sodja analyzes ongoing FBI sabotage, along with the assassinations of key Malcolm X supporters and Black Panther leaders. The little-known 1950 McCarren Act is also explained. Under this law, if a president declares a national state of emergency today, everyone who actively opposes US policies (including the author) could be sent to concentration camps.
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How Many Roads? Copyright © by Howard Sodja 2002